Ayurvedic cooking – why and how?

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In the West, Ayurvedic cooking is often being associated with intense Indian spices and food. Since it originates from India, that’s partly true. However, that’s just one small part of the whole story behind Ayurvedic cooking.

The core of Ayurveda and Ayurvedic cooking is knowing oneself and knowing Nature. The idea is to consciously use Ayurvedic practices (like cooking) in our routine. By doing that, we are supporting our unique nature and thriving as the best version of ourselves.

Food is our main source of energy. What we eat and the way we eat forms our relationship to food and thus relationship to ourselves. We are what we do every day, so the food we eat every day becomes us and builds our body, mind, and spirit.
However, Ayurvedic or “healthy” diet is not the ultimate “goal”. It’s just a technique for creating a safe, fertile ground for conscious living. When we have a good source of energy, we can start cultivating it and integrate it into things that truly inspire us.

It doesn’t matter where we are from or where we live. All of us can apply Ayurvedic principles in cooking because, at the core, they represent continuous learning about Nature elements and observing them in oneself. Observing their combinations and interactions, amplifying their strengths, and alleviating their weaknesses (in food, and ourselves).

When talking about our relationship to food, Ayurveda takes into consideration various factors, such as: eating according to the season, eating according to our nature, current physical, mental and emotional state, time of the day, food combining, the ways of cooking and eating.

The first staple of Ayurvedic kitchen is cooking with fresh, organic, locally produced whole foods, mostly plant-based. Of course, the suggestion is to buy groceries from verified sources and on the farmer’s market, not in supermarkets. The very act of buying food directly from the farmer makes our relationship with food stronger. We are being reminded to slow down and consciously choose what we want on our plate and in our bodies. Just by the simple act of observation, we start learning more about what type of foods are available at a particular time of year. We connect with our senses and with the needs of our bodies and get inspired to cook. Once we learn to distinguish the elements each food type embodies, we intuitively connect with their Prana (life energy), and we don’t need recipes and a shopping list – our senses will guide us to the right choice and inspire us for intuitive cooking.

1. Eating according to the season

We can follow Ayurvedic principles no matter which part of the world we live in. Our body is connected to the elements of nature, and thus to the elements of plants that bear fruit in a certain part of the year, containing the energy of that season. We can use that energy to introduce more (or less) of an element into ourselves, depending on what we need.

For example, in the summer we will enjoy cucumbers, watermelons, zucchinis, and melons in general, which are more cooling and contain a lot of water – perfect for the summer.  During the winter it’s advisable to choose root vegetables which usually take longer to cook – such as sweet potatoes, carrots, pumpkins, etc. By cooking these (mostly) root veggies, we are bringing the element of earth and fire into the body, which is needed to balance the winter days. Similarly, we will use more spices during the winter because they are warming up our body and stimulating Agni (digestive fire).

2. Eating according to one’s nature

In the previous blog, I wrote about the importance of an individual approach from the aspect of Ayurveda. This can be applied to nutrition also. Besides eating seasonal foods, the diet should also be adapted to one’s unique nature. According to Ayurveda, we all have a unique combination of elements that constitute our nature since our birth. Those elements (fire, water, earth, air, ether) determine our character and metabolism.

However, this unique ratio of elements is always influenced by various factors, so one should be careful when thinking about nutrition and always look at the bigger picture. For example, although it’s advisable to eat spicer food in the winter, this may not suit a person who is very physically active, has a lot of fire element, a very fast metabolism, and tends to be aggressive when falls out of balance. Due to the fiery nature, the advice would be to include more cooling foods. That means that the previously mentioned cooling spices suggested to be used in the summer (parsley, mint, coriander, fennel) will be a good choice for this person also during the winter days.

3. Eating according to current physical, mental and emotional state

Our food needs differ depending on our current condition. For example, the same person mentioned above will have different food cravings and needs depending on daily activities. The same person can be sitting in the office 8 hours a day, then going for a long vacation, or choosing to start with intense physical activity daily. Ayurvedic nutrition recommendations will differ depending on each activity because they affect our whole system differently. The same goes for mental and emotional exhaustion – there is food that can raise or lower our energy, depending on whether we want to uplift ourselves, or slow down (ground ourselves). Here Ayurveda comes into play, with various spices, herbs, and ways of preparing food in general.

4. Mealtimes according to Ayurveda

Since we are an integral part of nature, we are also connected to her cycles. When we are in balance, our digestive fire (so-called Agni) is strongest in the middle of the day (as the sun) and weaker in the morning and evening.

Therefore, it is wise to eat food that is lighter to digest in the morning and evening and eat the biggest meal of the day for lunch. Dairy products and meat can be a problem for some people, especially if eaten cold for breakfast or dinner. In most cases, it’s important to start the day with a light, well-balanced, cooked meal that will gently “ignite” our digestive fire; while dinner should be eaten no later than a couple of hours before bedtime.

However, we shouldn’t take these recommendations strictly. These are just general recommendations, while Ayurveda approaches everyone with much more detail, taking into consideration our digestive capacity, lifestyle, and needs. However, regardless of our lifestyle, we can adjust our meals to general Ayurvedic guidelines and thus optimize our metabolism and energy.

5. Ways of preparing food and cooking

There are various ways of preparing food that we can use as a means to connect with wanted elements of Nature, depending on what we need regarding our current state and the season – cooking, frying, baking, steaming, raw food, etc.

The technique of food preparation we decide to use will depend on our current condition, which is not always so simple to be aware of. For example, during the winter months, a person may feel sluggish and have slower digestion, and therefore reach for a raw meal (e.g. a cold salad with grains and seeds). While salad can help some of us to feel lighter, for others with weak Agni, the same salad may further slow the digestion process. In most cases, we all need a bit of help with our digestion due to today’s sedentary lifestyle, which we do by (longer) cooking and the use of spices (in moderation).

When we talk about health, which from Ayurveda depends mostly on our digestive capacity – it is advisable to give preference to the food that is cooked, lightly oiled, and seasoned in moderation – because all this supports our digestive fire and helps to assimilate nutrients.

Of course, we can still enjoy frying as a way of preparing food now and then. But we can use this technique wisely – specifically on dry, windy days when we need more moisture. Same goes for raw food, we can eat a simple fruit salad during the summer months after exercise in the morning (which is not a complete meal!). However, cooking should be given the highest priority.

6. Food combining

Food combining is closely related to the effect that food has primarily on our body, but also the mind and spirit. When talking about food, Ayurveda takes into consideration several factors, such as 6 flavors (sweet, salty, sour, pungent, bitter, astringent). Each of the flavors is a combination of the above mentioned 5 elements that have a certain effect on the body (depending on our constitution and current condition).

According to Ayurveda, each food has 3 actions closely connected to the taste. First, the taste we feel in the mouth (Rasa). Second, the energy that the food has on the body – cooling/warming (Virya), and third, the post-digestive effect on the body (Vipaka). Moreover, there are 3 main qualities or attributes (Gunas) – Rajas, Sattva, and Tamas, all inherent in different types of food. From everything mentioned above, we see that talking about food in Ayurveda can be quite complex (more about this topic in future blogs).

However, if we are just starting to learn about Ayurveda, we can set aside all of these mentioned concepts, and simply pay attention to food combining. Incompatible food combining slows down our digestion, creates bloating. gas and toxins. Common mistakes are: eating dairy products with fresh fruit, combining different proteins (e.g. meat, eggs, cheese, beans), drinking coffee before or after yogurt or fruit, or eating fruit after the main meal. This can cause various digestive problems and other disbalances in the long run.

7. The way of eating

All of the above factors won’t make any sense if we eat unconsciously. Firstly, we should be in touch with the pure feeling of hunger. We shouldn’t eat when we are not hungry, especially when we are upset or stressed out. Before eating, we should calm ourselves down. We should eat in a sitting position, with a straight spine, without a cell phone or TV. Ideally in silence, or with our loved ones, with gratitude for the meal that Nature has provided us.

These principles can help us become aware of our attitude towards food, which ultimately leads us to become more aware of our attitude towards Life itself. However, the most important thing is not to become obsessive about food, but to follow these principles in a balanced way.

Ayurvedska kuhinja – zašto i kako?

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Ayurvedska se kuhinja na našim prostorima često povezuje s intenzivnim indijskim začinima i hranom. Obzirom da polazi s tih prostora, istina je da obuhvaća sve navedeno, međutim to je samo jedan mali dio cijele priče o ayurvedskom kuhanju.

Ayurvedsko kuhanje, kao i Ayurveda općenito, u svojoj je srži zapravo poznavanje Prirode i poznavanje Sebe. Ideja je da svjesno formiramo svoju rutinu koja će podržavati našu jedinstvenu Prirodu i pomoći nam da živimo najbolju verziju Sebe. Tu nam svakako može pomoći posvetiti više pažnje hrani koju jedemo (i načinu na koji ju jedemo), obzirom da nam je to jedan od glavnih izvora energije. Mi smo ono što radimo svaki dan, pa tako i hrana koju jedemo svakodnevno postaje mi i gradi naše tijelo, um i duh. Međutim, sama Ayurvedska kuhinja i “zdrava” prehrana nije krajnji “cilj”. Ona je tehnika za stvaranje sigurnog, plodnog tla za svjesno življenje, kako bi mogli kultivirati vlastitu energiju i svjesno ju integrirati i koristiti u svojoj svakodnevnici, što god za nas to značilo.

Bez obzira na to gdje živimo, možemo primjenjivati ayurvedske principe u kuhanju, iz razloga što oni polaze od štovanja Prirode u cjelini, poznavanja njezinih elemenata, sagledavanja istih u Sebi, proučavanja njihovih međusobnih kombinacija i interakcija, svrsishodnog korištenja njihovih snaga i inteligentnog ublažavanja njihovih slabosti.

Sve navedeno činimo uz pomoć raznih čimbenika koje Ayurveda uzima u obzir kada govori o odnosu čovjeka s hranom, poput odabira namirnica obzirom na sezonu, vlastitu individualnu prirodu, trenutno fizičko, mentalno i emocionalno stanje, vrijeme za obrok u danu, način kuhanja, kombiniranja namirnica i načina jedenja.

Naravno, prije svega, pretpostavka je da nam se prehrana sastoji pretežito od svježih cjelovitih namirnica biljnog porijekla. Namirnice kupujemo iz provjerenih izvora, od domaćih proizvođača, te prednost dajemo tržnicama, a ne supermarketima. Sam čin kupovine hrane direktno od proizvođača ili na tržnici, pomaže nam da se bolje povežemo s hranom i sa elementima prirode, odnosno sa Sobom. Promatranjem opcija na tržnici učimo koje su namirnice dostupne u određenom dijelu godine, povezujemo se s mirisima i inspiriramo se za kuhanje. Jednom kada naučimo biti svjesni elemenata koje utjelovljuju sve namirnice na tržnici, intuitivno se povezujemo s Pranom (životom energijom) istih, i ne trebaju nam recepti i popis za kupovinu – naša osjetila će nas usmjeriti ka pravom odabiru i inspirirati nas za intuitivno kuhanje.

1. Odabir namirnica obzirom na sezonu

Možemo slijediti Ayurvedske principe u mediteranskoj kuhinji. Naše je tijelo povezano s elementima prirode, pa tako i s elementima biljaka koje rađaju plodom u određenom dijelu godine, sadržavajući određenu energiju koju možemo koristiti kako bismo uveli više (ili manje) nekog elementa u sebe, obzirom na to što nam je potrebno. Primjerice, u ljetno vrijeme uživat ćemo u krastavcima, lubenici, tikvici, dinjama koje sadrže više vode i hlade što nam je potrebno za vrijeme ljeta (u umjerenim količinama); dok ćemo za vrijeme zime radije odabrati plodove koje rastu ispod zemlje i koje je potrebno duže kuhati – poput batata, mrkve, buče i slično (čime unosimo element zemlje i vatre u organizam, koji nam je potreban tokom zime za uzemljenje i toplinu). Isto vrijedi i za začine – tokom ljeta ćemo dati veću prednost korijanderu, koromaču, peršinu i menti, dok ćemo u zimskim mjesecima prednost dati đumbiru, klinčiću i češnjaku, uvijek u umjerenim količinama.

2. Odabir namirnica obzirom na vlastitu individualnu prirodu

U prošlom sam blogu pisala o važnosti individualnog pristupa pojedincu s aspekta Ayurvede, koji se između ostalog može primijeniti i u prehrani. Iako je savjet jesti namirnice koje su sezonske i prilagođene godišnjim dobima, svakako bi prehranu trebalo prilagoditi pojedincu, odnosno jedinstvenom omjeru elemenata prirode koje osoba ima u sebi od svog rođenja.

U istom sam blogu pisala o uvodu u Ayurvedu, gdje sam spomenula da svatko od nas ima jedinstven omjer elemenata prirode u sebi što određuje naš karakter i metabolizam (vatra, voda, zemlja, zrak, eter). Taj jedinstven omjer elemenata je uvijek pod utjecajem raznih faktora, stoga treba biti pažljiv i uzeti u obzir širu sliku. Primjerice, iako je savjet da zimi jedemo hranu koja je malo više začinjena, to neće odgovarati osobi koja u sebi ima jako puno vatre, vrlo brzi metabolizam, fizički je vrlo aktivna te ima tendenciju ka agresiji kada nije balansirana. Zbog snažnog elementa vatre kojeg posjeduje u svojoj esenciji, njoj je potrebna hrana koja će ju ohladiti, stoga će joj prije spomenuti začini koje hlade ljeti (peršin, menta, korijander, koromač) također pasati za vrijeme zimskih mjeseci.

3. Odabir namirnica obzirom na trenutno fizičko, mentalno i emocionalno stanje

Naše potrebe za hranom razliku se obzirom na naše trenutno stanje. Primjerice, ista spomenuta osoba od prije, s puno vatre u svojoj individualnoj prirodi, imat će različite potrebe za hranom sukladno tome kako provodi svoje dane. Ukoliko sjedi u uredu 8 sati na dan, potrebe i preporuke za hranu neće biti iste onima kada bude bila na godišnjem odmoru, ili ako se bavi intenzivnom fizičkom aktivnošću na dnevnoj bazi. Isto vrijedi i za mentalnu i emocionalnu iscrpljenost – postoji hrana koja može podignuti ili spustiti našu energiju, ovisno o tome želimo li se pokrenuti, ili usporiti (prizemljiti). Ayurveda nam ovdje uvelike može pomoći sa savjetima oko načina pripreme hrane ili korištenja začina za stimulaciju.

4. Vrijeme za obrok u danu

Obzirom da nas smatra sastavnim dijelom prirode, Ayurveda drži do toga da smo povezani s njezinim ciklusima. Kada govorimo o hrani, naša je probavna vatra (tzv. Agni) najjača usred dana, kada je sunce najjače, a slabija ujutro i navečer. Sukladno tome, želimo jesti laganiju hranu (ona koja se brže i lakše probavlja) ujutro i navečer, a za ručak odabrati nešto “konkretnije”. Mliječni proizvodi i meso mogu predstavljati problem za neke ljude, osobito ako se jedu hladni za doručak ili večeru. U većini slučajeva, važno je započeti dan s laganim, dobro izbalansiranim, kuhanim obrokom koji će nježno  “zapaliti” našu probavnu vatru; dok bi večeru trebalo jesti najkasnije par sati prije spavanja. Naravno, sve ove savjete potrebno je sagledati individualno i iz šire perspektive, jer nemamo svi jednak kapacitet probave, životni ritam i potrebe. Međutim, bez obzira na naš životni stil, možemo svoje obroke prilagoditi općenitim ayurvedskim smjernicama i time optimizirati svoj metabolizam i energiju.

5. Načini pripreme hrane i kuhanje

Postoje razni načini pripreme hrane kojima se povezujemo s elementima Prirode, koji će ovisiti o godišnjem dobu i našem trenutnom stanju – kuhanje, prženje, pečenje, kuhanje na pari, sirova hrana i sl.

Savjeti o načinu pripreme hrane najviše će ovisi o našem trenutnom stanju kojeg nije uvijek toliko jednostavno osvijestiti. Primjerice, u vrijeme zimskih mjeseci, osoba se može osjećati tromo, usporene probave – i zaključiti da ima previše elementa zemlje (ne može se pokrenuti), i stoga posegnuti za sirovim obrokom (npr. hladna odstajala salata sa žitaricama i sjemenkama). Dok salata zaista može nekima pomoći da se osjećaju lakšima, drugima može teško pasti na želudac i dodatno usporiti probavu, kojoj u većini slučajeva treba stimulacija zbog današnjeg sjedilačkog načina života, što činimo (dužim) kuhanjem hrane i korištenjem začina.

Kada pričamo o zdravlju, koji s aspekta Ayurvede najviše ovisi o našem kapacitetu probave – savjetuje se dati prednost hrani koja je kuhana, blago nauljena i lagano začinjena – jer sve to daje potporu našoj probavnoj vatri i pomaže asimilaciji nutrijenata.

Za prženje se možemo odlučiti kada osjećamo da nam je potrebno uzemljenje nakon suhog vjetrovitog dana, za jednostavnu voćnu sirovu salatu kada nam je potrebno osvježenje ujutro nakon vježbanja (što ne predstavlja cjelovit obrok!), a kuhanju bi svakako trebali dati najveću prednost.

6. Kombiniranje namirnica

Kombiniranje namirnica je usko povezano sa efektom koji hrana ima prvenstveno na naš organizam, ali i na duh i um. Kada govorimo o hrani i kombinaciji hrane, u Ayurvedi uzimamo u obzir više čimbenika, poput 6 okusa (slatko, kiselo, slano, ljuto, gorko, trpko). Svaki od okusa kombinacija je prije navedenih 5 elemenata koji imaju određeni učinak na organizam ovisno o našoj konstituciji i trenutnom stanju.

Kada govori o efektu hrane na čovjeka, Ayurveda spominje 3 čimbenika: okus koji osjećamo u ustima (Rasa); svojstvo koji ima na tijelo – hlađenje/zagrijavanje (Virya) te postdigestivni efekt na tijelo (Vipaka). Osim toga, spominje i 3 glavne kvalitete ili svojstva (Gune) –  Rajas, Sattva i Tamas, koje će biti poznate svima koji imali doticaj s vedskom filozofijom.  Iz priloženog vidimo da je tema o hrani vrlo opširna, pa detaljnije o navedenom nekom drugom prilikom.

Međutim, ako smo tek na početku učenja o Ayurvedi, možemo se osloboditi prije navedenih koncepata i bez obzira na elemente i okuse, obratiti pozornost na kombinaciju namirnica u jednom obroku. U Ayurvedi postoje tzv. nedozvoljene kombinacije hrane koje usporavaju našu probavu, stvaraju plinove, nadutost, toksine i slično. Navike koju neki od nas imaju jesu: jesti mliječne proizvode sa svježim voćem, što Ayurveda strogo zabranjuje; kombiniranje raznih proteina zajedno (npr. meso, jaja, sir u istom jelu), pijemo kavu prije ili nakon jogurta ili voća, ili jedemo voće nakon glavnog jela, na pun želudac. Sve navedeno može biti uzrok probavnih, i naposljetku raznih drugih problema (ako se konzumira dugoročno, na dnevnoj bazi).

7. Način jedenja

Svi navedeni čimbenici nemaju smisla ukoliko hranu ne kuhamo i ne jedemo svjesno. Želimo jesti u mirnim uvjetima, kada osjećamo “zdravu” glad (ali ne čekati da pregladnimo, jer ćemo tada imati tendenciju da previše pojedemo). Uspravne kralježnice, u sjedećoj poziciji, bez mobitela ili televizije. Idealno u tišini, ili sa svojim bližnjima, sa zahvalnošću za obrok koji nam je Priroda osigurala.

Sve navedeno nam može pomoći da osvijestimo svoj odnos prema hrani, što naposljetku dovodi do boljeg poznavanja Sebe i življenja kvalitetnijeg života, ukoliko naravno to ne činimo opsesivno već balansirano.